Japan Encephalitis

• Encephalitis means "Acute Inflammation of the Brain" Viral encephalitis refers to a type of Encephalitis caused by a virus.
• Viral Encephalitis: Water borne disease
• Japanese Encephalitis: Mosquito Bite
• Both of the above make Acute encephalitis syndrome, or AES
• Japanese Encephalitis is a viral disease spread by the mosquito carrying the virus.
• The disease is mainly prevalent in Southeast Asia and the Far East. 
• AES, are a poor man's diseases and affect the families of paddy farmers.
• The Union Cabinet of India sanctioned a Rs 4038-crore comprehensive multi-pronged plan for prevention and control of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in the country.
• States where this plan will be implemented:
• UP
• WB
• TN
• Bihar
• Assam
• The plan will be implemented within five years from 2012-13 to 2016-17.
• Amongst the most important vectors of this disease are the mosquitoes Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex vishnui.   

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

• A serious form of pneumonia caused by a member of the coronavirus family of viruses (the same family that can cause the common cold), so it is also called   SARS-CoV. 
• It infects both humans and animals (livestock, birds, etc.).
• It had spread like a pandemic in Hong Kong in March 2003, and from there it transmitted to several other countries.
• When someone with SARS coughs or sneezes, infected droplets spray into the air. One can catch the SARS virus if you breathe in or touch these particles. The SARS virus may live on hands, tissues, and other surfaces for up to 6 hours in these droplets and up to 3 hours after the droplets have dried.
• Symptoms : It includes flu-like symptoms such as fever, muscle pain, headaches, diarrhea, sore throat, runny nose, malaise, and myalgia (muscle pain), dry cough, shortness of breath, and an upper respiratory tract infection.
• No cure
• If a person is suspected of having SARS, they should be kept isolated in the hospital.